What Causes Blastomycosis in Dogs?

Blastomycosis, also known as blasto, is a fungal infection that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by a fungus called Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is commonly found in soil, particularly in areas with moist, acidic soil conditions. Canine blastomycosis is prevalent in certain regions of North America, including the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri river valleys, as well as the Great Lakes region.

When dogs come into contact with the fungal spores present in the environment, they can inhale them, leading to infection. Once inhaled, the spores can travel down the respiratory tract and settle in the lungs, where they multiply and cause inflammation. From there, the infection can spread to other organs, such as the skin, eyes, bones, and central nervous system.

While any dog can contract blastomycosis, certain factors make them more susceptible to the infection. These include:

1. Geographic Location: Dogs living or traveling in areas where the fungus is prevalent are at a higher risk.
2. Outdoor Exposure: Dogs that spend a significant amount of time outdoors, especially in wooded or swampy areas, are more likely to come into contact with the fungus.
3. Immune System Health: Weakened immune systems due to other illnesses or medications can make dogs more vulnerable to blastomycosis.
4. Breed: Certain breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, Beagles, and Boxers, appear to be more susceptible to the infection.
5. Age: Young dogs, as well as older dogs, are more prone to blastomycosis.

FAQs about Blastomycosis in Dogs:

1. How is blastomycosis diagnosed in dogs?
Blastomycosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, history, radiographs, and laboratory tests, including fungal cultures and DNA tests.

2. What are the symptoms of blastomycosis in dogs?
Common symptoms include coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, skin lesions, eye problems, lameness, and neurological signs.

3. Can blastomycosis be transmitted from dogs to humans?
Although rare, blastomycosis can be transmitted from infected dogs to humans. However, human-to-human transmission is not possible.

4. Is blastomycosis contagious between dogs?
No, blastomycosis is not contagious between dogs. It is only transmitted through inhalation of fungal spores in the environment.

5. Can dogs die from blastomycosis?
Yes, blastomycosis can be a severe and potentially fatal disease if left untreated. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis can be positive.

6. How is blastomycosis treated in dogs?
Treatment typically involves long-term antifungal medication, such as itraconazole or fluconazole, to combat the infection. Severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care.

7. How can blastomycosis be prevented?
Prevention includes avoiding high-risk areas, reducing outdoor exposure during peak fungal seasons, and keeping dogs from digging in soil or sniffing areas with potential fungal spores.

8. Can dogs develop immunity to blastomycosis?
Dogs do not develop natural immunity to blastomycosis. However, dogs that have successfully recovered from the infection are less likely to get re-infected.

9. Can blastomycosis be diagnosed through a blood test?
While there are no blood tests specifically designed to diagnose blastomycosis, some blood tests can aid in the diagnosis by detecting immune response to the infection.

10. Can dogs be carriers of blastomycosis without showing symptoms?
No, dogs cannot be carriers of blastomycosis without showing symptoms. They can only transmit the infection during the active phase of the disease.

11. Can dogs receive a blastomycosis vaccine?
Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for blastomycosis in dogs.

Blastomycosis is a serious fungal infection that can affect dogs in certain regions. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial for dog owners to keep their furry companions safe and healthy. If you suspect your dog may have blastomycosis, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.